What Causes Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease?

Diane Carbo

Oct 30, 2023 • 31 min read

Introduction to Early Onset Alzheimer's

Early onset Alzheimer's is a form of the degenerative disease that primarily affects older adults. However, it can also occur in younger people. It is characterized by progressive memory loss, impaired thinking and communication, and behavioral changes. The condition is caused by plaques and tangles forming around neurons in the brain, leading to their death. This disruption of nerve signals causes the decline in cognitive function seen in those with Alzheimer's.

While the causes of early onset Alzheimer's are similar to those that affect older adults, there are other factors that can increase the risk of developing the condition in younger adults. These include genetics, environment, lifestyle choices, and diet. It is important to understand these factors so that you can take steps to reduce your risk of developing the condition.

Genetics

Early onset Alzheimer’s is thought to be strongly influenced by genetic factors. Scientists have identified several rare gene mutations that increase the risk of developing the condition, with those at higher risk typically having a family member who is also affected. While it is still unclear why some people with these gene mutations do not develop the condition, it is believed that other genetic or environmental factors may be involved.

In many cases, early onset Alzheimer’s is caused by an inherited mutation in one of the three most common genes linked to the condition: APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2. These genes produce proteins that are involved in the formation of amyloid plaques, which is associated with Alzheimer’s. Additionally, certain variants of the APOE gene can increase the risk of developing the condition.

In certain cases, early onset Alzheimer’s may be linked to a rare form of the condition known as familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). This is caused by the inheritance of one or more mutated genes from the parent. In these cases, siblings or other family members have an increased risk of developing the condition.

Environmental Factors and Early Onset Alzheimer’s

The environment and lifestyle choices you make can play a major role in your risk of developing early onset Alzheimer’s. Just like with genetic factors, certain environmental and lifestyle factors can increase the risk of developing the condition.

Research has shown that air pollution, which is made up of particles, such as chemicals and toxics, can build up in our bodies over time and can contribute to increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s. Prolonged exposure to air pollution has been linked to an increased risk, so it is important to limit your exposure to air pollution where possible.

Nutritional factors also play a role in the development of the condition. Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, grains, and healthy proteins can help reduce your risk. Not getting enough vitamins B12 and D and omega-3 fatty acids can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s.

In addition, physical activity plays an important role in reducing the risk. Engaging in regular, moderate exercise can reduce inflammation and help prevent cognitive decline. It is important to strive for at least 30 minutes of activity, 5 days a week.

Finally, social engagement can protect against Alzheimer’s by keeping your mind stimulated and helping to reduce stress. Participating in social activities, such as joining a club or engaging in hobbies, can help keep your mind active and connected to people in your life.

What is Diet’s Role in Early Onset Alzheimer’s?

Diet plays an important role in our overall health and well-being, and this is especially true when it comes to early onset Alzheimer’s. Research has shown that certain dietary choices can increase the risk of developing the condition or potentially make it worse.

It is believed that the antioxidants found in healthy foods may be able to reduce inflammation in the brain, which in turn can help decrease the risk of early onset Alzheimer’s. Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, fish and lean meats is the best way to ensure you’re getting all the vitamins and minerals needed to stay healthy.

Research has also found that certain foods could increase the risk of developing early onset Alzheimer’s. Foods high in fat, sugar, and cholesterol, such as processed meats and sweets, have been linked to higher instances of the condition. It’s important to limit your intake of these types of foods if you want to reduce the chances of developing the condition.

Finally, some studies have suggested that supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce the risk of developing early onset Alzheimer’s. Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish and certain plant sources, and can help protect against inflammation and oxidative damage in the brain, two factors that have been linked to the development of the condition.

By maintaining a balanced diet and limiting your intake of unhealthy foods, you can help reduce your chances of developing early onset Alzheimer’s. Additionally, supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids may also help reduce the risks associated with the condition.

Stress and Early Onset Alzheimer's

Chronic stress can have a real impact on your risk of developing early onset Alzheimer's. Prolonged periods of stress can increase levels of cortisol in the body, which can lead to inflammation and damage to the brain over time. This is why it's important to manage your stress in order to reduce the risk of developing the condition.

There are many ways that you can reduce the level of stress in your life. Regular exercise is an effective tool for reducing stress. Exercise helps to reduce levels of cortisol and releases endorphins, providing a natural mood booster. Other activities such as yoga, mindfulness and meditation can also help reduce stress levels. It's important to make time for yourself and do things that you enjoy - this will help to reduce your overall stress levels.

It's also important to take care of your mental health. Talking about your worries and stresses can be helpful and having a strong social network can provide support and a distraction from daily stressors. If you feel like your stress levels are unmanageable, then it may be useful to speak to a therapist or doctor about additional options.

Alcohol and Tobacco

Research has identified a correlation between long-term smoking and drinking, and an increased risk of early onset Alzheimer’s. The scientific and medical community agree that overuse of these products can damage the brain, compromising its ability to function properly.

Alcohol affects the neurotransmitters in the brain, which are responsible for communication between brain cells. In time, this can lead to nerve cell death, thus damaging important parts of the brain and increasing the risk of developing the condition.

Similarly, tobacco has an effect on the neurotransmitters in the brain, as well as containing toxic chemicals and carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) which can damage the neural networks in the brain, leading to an increase in the risk of Alzheimer’s.

It is important to remember that it is not just alcohol and tobacco that can interfere with the normal functioning of the brain. Other substances such as drugs and prescription medications can also have damaging effects. For those looking to reduce the risk of developing early onset Alzheimer’s, it is recommended that only moderate alcohol consumption and non-smoking be practiced.

Other Lifestyle Factors

When it comes to early onset Alzheimer’s, lifestyle factors can play a role in increasing our overall risk of developing the condition. Here we’ll look at some of the contributing factors, and ways we can reduce our risk.

Keeping a healthy weight is one important factor. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk; however, being underweight can also be a risk factor. Eating a balanced diet and regularly exercising can help you maintain a healthy weight.

Getting enough sleep is also important. Not getting enough rest can impair brain functioning, so aim for 7-8 hours a night. While too much sleep can also be an issue, it is more important to ensure you are getting enough shut-eye.

Finally, social activity can be important. Avoiding isolation and staying socially connected is beneficial to both mental and physical health. Studies have shown that social engagement can reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

It’s important to remember that not all lifestyle changes are easy, especially if you're already stressed. However, making small changes such as adding 30 minutes of daily exercise, eating more nutritious food, and attending social activities can make a difference.

Diagnosis of Early Onset Alzheimer's

Early onset Alzheimer's is a complex condition that can be difficult to diagnose. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms so that appropriate treatment can be provided as soon as possible. Common signs and symptoms include difficulty with memory, impaired judgement and cognitive decline. Other signs and symptoms may include:

Confusion and disorientation
Difficulty communicating
Depression and anxiety
Changes in personality and behavior
Inability to control impulses
Lack of initiative and motivation

If these symptoms are present, it is important to see a doctor for diagnosis. The doctor will likely perform a physical exam as well as laboratory tests that can help confirm the diagnosis. Additional diagnostic tests may include brain imaging scans, such as an MRI or CT scan, and neuropsychological testing. Depending on the results, the doctor may also recommend genetic testing to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

Treatment Options for Early Onset Alzheimer’s

Early onset Alzheimer’s is an incurable condition, but there are treatments available to help manage symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. It is important to have an accurate diagnosis and find the right treatment plan that will work for you.

Treatment plans may include medications taken to slow the progression of the disease, as well as therapies to help deal with depression, memory problems, difficulty with managing daily activities, and other symptoms associated with early onset Alzheimer’s. The most commonly prescribed medications are cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. These drugs work by boosting the levels of a chemical called acetylcholine in the brain, which helps improve memory and other cognitive functions.

Other treatments may include anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and medications used to treat other mental health conditions such as anxiety and insomnia. Intensive care programs may also be recommended, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and cognitive therapy.

Additionally, lifestyle modifications and behavior management techniques can be used to help cope with changes in mood and behavior. Diet and exercise can help keep the body and mind healthy, and stress management techniques can also be used to manage the symptoms of early onset Alzheimer’s. Finally, support from friends and family is essential when dealing with the condition.

Clinical Trials: Investigating New Treatments for Early Onset Alzheimer’s

Researchers are continually looking for new treatments and therapies to help people with early onset Alzheimer’s. This is done through the use of clinical trials, which involve testing a new treatment or therapy on a group of volunteers in order to assess its safety and effectiveness. Clinical trials may also look at different ways of delivering a treatment, such as a new delivery device, a new combination of medicines, or a new form of a treatment.

Clinical trials can provide a valuable insight into the safety and effectiveness of a new treatment and help researchers learn more about how the condition affects people with early onset Alzheimer’s. The results of a clinical trial can provide vital information to help medical professionals decide whether a new treatment should be used in practice.

Different types of clinical trial have different requirements; some will require participants to attend hospital visits for assessment and observation, while others will involve assessments being completed at home. The length of a clinical trial can also vary, depending on the size of the trial and the treatment being tested. Some trials may last only a few weeks, while others may take several years to complete.

If you or a loved one is interested in participating in a clinical trial, you should speak to your doctor or care provider about the possible risks and benefits. You can also find out about clinical trials taking place in your area by visiting the Clinical Trials Registry website.

Caregiver Support for Early Onset Alzheimer's

Caring for a loved one with early onset Alzheimer's can be an incredibly difficult and challenging experience. It is important for caregivers to take the time to look after themselves in order to better care for their loved one.

Here are some tips for caregivers on how to manage the caregiver responsibilities while looking after their own physical and mental health:

Find a support group of peers who understand and empathize with the stresses that come with being a caregiver.
Speak to a doctor or health professional about managing stress, grief, and other emotions.
Take regular breaks, including short breaks during the day to clear your head.
Accept help from family members or close friends.
Join a caregiving class to learn new skills to help manage the situation.
Make time for yourself by doing activities that you enjoy, such as taking a walk or reading a book.
Make use of respite care services to provide temporary relief.

Having a supportive network of peers and family members who understand your situation is invaluable to helping manage the demands of being a caregiver. Taking the time to look after yourself is important for ensuring that you are able to continue to provide the best possible care for your loved one.

Reducing the Risk of Early Onset Alzheimer's

Early onset Alzheimer's is a debilitating condition that affects people as young as 40 and can have a devastating effect on their quality of life. Taking preventive steps is an important measure to reduce the risk of developing this condition. There are several risk factors that may be taken into account.

Genetics play a key role in the development of early onset Alzheimer's and having a close family member with dementia increases the risk. Environmental factors, such as air pollution or lack of social connections, can also contribute to the likelihood of developing the condition. Diet is another important factor, with some foods having been linked to increased risk. Chronic stress has also been associated with higher risk.

There are lifestyle choices that can decrease the risk of developing early onset Alzheimer's. Abusing alcohol and smoking are two of the most significant lifestyle risk factors that can be avoided. Other lifestyle choices, including getting adequate physical activity and managing chronic health conditions, can also help reduce the risk of developing the condition.

When it comes to reducing the risk of early onset Alzheimer's, awareness is key. Knowing the risk factors and making decisions that reduce them can go a long way to limiting the chances of developing this condition. It is important to stay up to date on the latest developments in clinical trials and keep track of changes in lifestyle risks.